Problems can be somewhat alleviated in the model through the addition of feedback loops (see the next slide) 6.

Requires customer patience because a working version of the program doesn't occur until the final phase.Difficult for customers to state all requirements explicitly and up front.

Doesn't support iteration, so changes can cause confusion.Used often with well‐defined adaptations or enhancements to current software 5.Work flow is in a linear (i.e., sequential) fashion.Used when requirements are well understood and risk is low.Oldest software lifecycle model and best understood by upper management.Waterfall Model (Diagram) Communication Project initiation Requirements gathering Planning Estimating Scheduling Tracking Yet, if we reject traditional process models (and the order they imply) and replace them with something less structured, do we make it impossible to achieve coordination and coherence in software work?.If prescriptive process models strive for structure and order, are they inappropriate for a software world that thrives on change?.

Prescriptive Models Prescriptive process models advocate an orderly approach to software engineering That leads to a few questions … The activities may be linear, incremental, or evolutionary Defines a distinct set of activities, actions, tasks, milestones, and work products that are required to engineer high‐quality software

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